The parties to the 1972 London Convention and 1996 Protocol, convening this week, aim to advance international governance of marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) projects. Key to these discussions is the proposed adoption of assessment frameworks for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), ocean sinking of biomass, and an updated ocean fertilization framework. If approved, these guidelines will help countries determine the legitimacy of mCDR research projects and ensure they do not contradict the aims of the London Convention and Protocol.

The proposed updated ocean fertilization framework introduces more detailed criteria for initial assessments, requiring projects to answer questions that add to scientific knowledge and justify why expected outcomes cannot be achieved by other methods. The new frameworks for OAE and biomass sinking are largely aligned with the updated ocean fertilization framework. However, the legal status of these frameworks remains contentious, as they have not yet been formally agreed upon or entered into force.

A significant question revolves around the assessment frameworks' legal status and their potential impact on national governments and private companies involved in mCDR research. The frameworks clarify that economic interests should not influence the design, conduct, or outcomes of proposed activities but do not specify what constitutes acceptable financing for research projects. This ambiguity raises questions about the role of private companies in mCDR research and the potential for financial gains from patented technology or carbon credits.

The unresolved tension in this story lies in defining the balance between ensuring responsible mCDR research and preserving flexibility for various affected parties, particularly private companies, in the fast-changing field of marine carbon dioxide removal. As the parties finalize their discussions, it will be crucial to establish clear guidelines that promote accountability while encouraging innovation and collaboration.